Food subsidies were sustained in order to negate inflation in living costs; levels of progressive taxation were preserved; regional development was the favoured way to control mass unemployment in the areas of urban industrial decline; nationalisation was seen as the solution in reviving core industries such as mining, which had been faltering in private hands. social reform and nationalisation. time of economic downfall- seen to be short lived as by 1952 the The 1951 United Kingdom general election was held twenty months after the 1950 general election, which the Labour Party had won with a slim majority of just five seats. The poor timing of the 1951 election can also be claimed to have weakened Labours position. Lord Woolton was also key in the reformation of the party; holding membership dirves, propaganda campaigns and obtaining donations from bug businesses who were threatened by Labours nationalisation. In this respect, although Labout lost the 1951 election, it can be claimed that they only marginally lost popular support meaning, in my opinion, the most significant factor contributing to their loss was the mistiming of the election. There was nothing like the self-destructive trade union protests and strikes of the 1979 'Winter of . The Iron and coal industries were not profitable The Labour government called a snap election for Thursday 25 October 1951 in the hope of increasing its parliamentary majority. how the radical Labour Morisson, the Deputy Prime Minister, believed that. Americas way of Gaitskell and Morrison (Deputy Prime Minister) both doubted whether Labour would be able to defeat the Conservatives in 1951, owing to their loss of seats in the 1950 election. however not the 6 With an inadequate sense of self-renewal, the Attlee era party had little further to put before voters after 1947. 9% swing against Labour. why did labour lose the 1951 election. Attlee was aware that these changes to the voting system may Its formation was the result of many years of struggle by working class people, trade unionists and socialists, united by the goal of working class voices represented in British Parliament. He set in motion key reforms to wipe out the image of the Conservative party being upper class elitists who do not understand the people that had been so prevalent in the last election. Britain to become a world exporting power, A defeated conservative MP at the time, Macmillan, claimed that It was not Churchill who lost the 1945 election, it was the ghost of Neville Chamberlain. The dynamic nature of our site means that Javascript must be enabled to function properly. The Road Manifesto 1950 accepted But Labour didn't lose in 1983 because it was too left wing; rather, Thatcher won because of the Falklands War. Most obviously, because the campaigns importance is overshadowed by the larger, more influential issues. reduces to just 7 How many seats did the Conservatives win in 1951, What policies were Labour associated with, What was one area the Labour party were divided on, How did Lord Woolton help the Tories reform, How many houses did the Tories promise to build each year, What did they promise to show rationing had ended, What was the name of the 1948 law which changed constituency boundaries, What party saw their vote fall from 2.6 million to 730,556, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. Their living standards had not radically altered since 1945, and the significance of many of these voters is that they voted in marginal constituencies. The Bevanites, being more left-wing, wanted to focus Britains resources on further nationalisation of industry. The Conservatives voted against the creation of a centralised health service in 1946, preferring rather the idea of state provision of healthcare administered at local level. After the shock of the 1945 election, Labour appointed Lord Woolton as their party chairman: he was central to the revitalisation of the Conservatives and reorganised the conservative party effectively. The Conservatives were back in power once more, but they did little to. The government's 1945 lead over the Conservative Party shrank dramatically, and Labour was returned to power but with an overall majority reduced from 146 to just 5. Evidently, the Conservatives were punished in 1945, when they were lucky to not have been in 1935 and, arguably, if elections had taken place in 1940, Labour may have won. In realising that the quality of life was far more important to the public than any other factor, the Conservatives promised to build 300,000 houses a year, although they did admit in their manifesto that not much could be done to lessen the strain of rationing in 1951. Labour was re-elected in 1950 but lost 80 seats in the process. By continuing well assume youre on board with our, Why did Labour lose the 1951 General Election, Let us write you a custom essay sample on, By clicking "SEND" below, you agree to our, Conflict management definitions and views. He beat the Zeitgeist, the vibe and the emotional appeals while leaving Clive Palmer and the Greens failing to live up to expectations. The year 1947 brought an abrupt end to the honeymoon, as the government was forced to shift focus from massive reform to crisis management in response to fuel and trade shortages. a8a56820-44a0-4a9a-8187-fafb017abb00 (image/jpg), 8f36ad5d-3853-456a-9ff6-bdaabf691996 (image/jpg), c55c2574-fee6-48c9-ba8e-44fc34928bdf (image/jpg), e49a14d7-993b-49bd-9e9f-d594e2a70129 (image/jpg), 513b94d5-0e2d-4180-b58e-d389eb13cc5f (image/jpg), dd237af4-9d8e-494a-8b1e-c60544884a89.gif (image/gif), 40b0897e-0340-4b7e-af81-65768eaa4fb8 (image/jpg), 0ae72221-e96f-4b35-ad23-e78e4f949912 (image/png), Daily Express: "while he knew The first years, between 1945 and 1946, saw fervour for rapid reform in many areas of government. While this didn't net the Brexit Party any seats, it was enough for the Tories to overtake in many of them. Rather, the balance of payments problem forced the non-idealists within the leadership to face the necessary curtailing of public spending. Yet to limit the debate to these factors neglects the . Labour's achievements, or rather what they did not achieve, can be linked as to why they lost: they had arguably successfully set up a welfare state but had also induced an economic crisis. Most significantly, Labour established the NHS in 1948, they also brought about various other reforms pertaining to welfare. Britains economic resources were being drained from all directions; Foreign Policy, Nationalisation, Welfare and Austerity. History-UK-BK1-Labour-1951 election. 1946/47 winter which had dire food/ fuel His frugality extended to his welfare policies, which involved the further tightening of benefit payments. 1950-1951 labelled as an UNHAPPY PARLIAMENT Labour majority reduces to just 7 seats 1950 By changing the timing of the election to be in 1951 rather than spring of 52' due to the Kings tour of Australia it hit the party at a time of economic downfall- seen to be short lived as by 1952 the 419 million defecit was yet again in the surplus Ministers positive light, Presented themselves as a united The popularity of the 1942 Beveridge Report, which laid much of the groundwork for the establishment of the NHS and the Welfare State, was an endorsement of Labour politics. Mainly because the Brexit Party split off some of their voters. This is considered an important factor in Labour's victory by many historians Support for Labour in 1945 represented above all a reaction against pre-war Conservatism argues Adelman. Nevertheless, the war was clearly more important in raising Atlee's reputation among Britons because Attlee was effectively completely in charge of the homefront for the duration of the war. Wiki User 2009-09-25 15:23:48 Study now See answer (1) Copy the main points are: -record on nationalisation and welfare -economic problems which. Pre-war Conservatives were labelled Guilty Men by Labour, this was very influential in winning over public opinion for Labour who presented themselves as the only party able to prevent another war. The first-past-the-post system ensures that the elected government has a workable majority. why did labour lose the 1951 election. Their election campaign was heavily based off the idea that, if voted into power, there would be a period of consolidation after the previous years of innovation. Britains involvement in the Korean War also enabled the Conservatives to play on Churchills war hero status. Concerns about the permissive society e.g. Pearce's reinterpretation argument makes the most sense because policies like appeasement were relatively popular at the time. Jeremy Corbyn. Furthermore, an apparently humiliating trade policy including subservience to US demands was particularly discrediting in the eyes of post-colonialists who identified this as betrayal rather than pragmatism. Indeed, Robert Pearce claims it seems very unlikely indeed that the campaign was crucial. That was three million less than the number of summonses, warrants and benefit deduction orders issued for poll tax non-payment. Just over a year later, with the Labour government in deep internal crisis and running out of steam, yet another election was called. The very honesty and simplicity of the campaign helped enormously. in the hope of taking advantage of Churchill's huge popularity. These party reforms and the reorganisation proved worthwhile, as can be seen in the 8% boost in votes. The first-past-the-post system emphasised each election's result. Labour Party, British political party whose historic links with trade unions have led it to promote an active role for the state in the creation of economic prosperity and in the provision of social services. Less than half the price of our monthly plan. To gain an understanding of the election one must study the context surrounding the election. Senior Labour MP Margaret Hodge described Baroness Boothroyd as "inspirational" and "a trailblazer for women". so much about economics, he knew so little about spectacles and dentures. Why did Labour lose its seats in 1951? Economic problems e.g. Statisticians calculated that should it be repeated, Labour would secure a majority of 85 seats at the next election. Within the Cabinet, Gaitskells decision to expand the defence budget at the expense of domestic spending enraged health minister Nye Bevan in particular, who resigned as a response to the Korean deployment. George Washington Bridgeopened in 1931.Two lanes were added in 1946, and a lower deck added in 1962. leadership remembered in a years, Once lend lease had ended in 1945 (end of Instead of indroducing new reforms and methods to improve living conditions, Attlee decided to focus on fighting the election based on the partys previous successes, claiming that the Conservatives could not be trusted with the reforms they had introduced. After the First World War, the Lloyd George Coalition had made many empty promises concerning reconstruction. The economy's recovery was further hindered by the short-sighted need to remain a world power. On a high turnout Labour's tally of votes had actually increased in absolute terms (to 13.9 million, compared to 13.2 million in the 1950 cent) than the Conservatives, though the Conservatives came out ahead in seats, Hugh Dalton's administration of the Hi there, would you like to get such a paper? The Blitz also, more obviously, caused a huge rise in support for Labour's housing development plans. Gaitskell had imposed upon the health service prescription charges for glasses and false teeth, which to Bevan and other NHS idealists represented the betrayal of NHS founding principals. (45 Marks) The 3rd May 1979 saw the greatest parliamentary swing since the war, with the Conservative Party polling 43.9% of the vote; thereby winning 339 seats (up 62 since the last election). administration would lead to There are three main sub-categories for this answer; the Conservatives strengths, Labours weaknesses/ limitations, and uncontrollable factors. While it cannot be disputed that Labour kept their campaign simple, it would be ill-advised to declare that it helped enormously. As Charmley so aptly put it, the government was exhausted in mind, body and manifesto commitments. Many of Labours intergral cabinet ministers had been in office since 1940 and now, a decade later, were cumbling under the strain of the the continuous post-war crises that plagued Britain. Having been given such a considerable mandate to rebuild the country in 1945, the Attlee post-war government lost popular support considerably over the next six years. threat of Russia (Start Food subsidies were sustained in order to negate inflation in living costs; levels of progressive taxation were preserved; regional development was the favoured way to control mass unemployment in the areas of urban industrial decline; nationalisation was seen as the solution in reviving core industries such as mining, which had been faltering in private hands. The Conservatives' campaign focused on Churchill and international relationships rather than any major new reforms that the electorate so desperately wanted. Following the 1966 General Election, the Labour Party's Home Policy Committee observed that the party had, "for the first time, obtained a majority of the female vote" and remarked, "it would be very satisfactory if we could retain it." While the more right-wing Gaitsgillites wanted more concentration on an aggressive foreign policy on issues like the cold war. Conservative pre-war blunders played a key role in Labour's victory due to the electorate remembering these mistakes. For the first time, the government provided a catch-all benefits system which hypothecated a proportion of tax revenue thence to be paid against sickness, elderliness and unemployment to name but three key entitlements. Please wait while we set up your subscription TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification, The question as to why Labour won the 1945 election has been the source of much in depth study since the period. Best Answer Copy Labour lost to various reasons, the main ones being: The Winter of Discontent, the miscalculations that James Callaghan made and the appeal of Thatcher to voters. Divisions over appeasement, foreign policy and rearmament deeply weakened Labour. The term was coined from a particular type of horse racing wherein the winning horse passes the final post and all the others are disqualified. An Overlooked Reason Why Labour Lost In 1983 Ask almost anyone about the June 1983 general election and you will get standard replies as to why the Conservatives won a landslide and Labour did so badly: The Falklands war Michael Foot's leadership of Labour The Bennite left The Gang of Four splitting away Labour's promises of social reforms won them many votes, however it was these promises which led to their failure in 1951, when many people believed that the promises hadn't been delivered. His subsequent retirement from the party therefore revealed that Labour was divided in its views and ultimately undermined its unity, providing a poor image to potential voters. In 1945 the Conservatives had suffered from being divided and disorganised, while Labour had been strong and united. Although progress was initially slow on this front, one million houses were eventually built and the housing problem was eased for a while. Industrial relations problems e.g. Labour's popularity was also dented by their foreign policy, in granting sovereignty to some of Britain's most successful colonies Labour were seen as dissembling an empire that had taken hundreds of years to attain. The party's manifesto was named. For me, the Attlee government(s) of 1945 - 51, achieved a huge amount, much of which we can still see and experience today, and which we sh. Sarah from CollectifbdpHi there, would you like to get such a paper? There was. million if some charged could be made on The 1945-1946 period of Labour government sought to address some key difficulties facing the nation following World War II. The campaign is all too often seen as the most important factor in Labour's landslide victory in 1945, however it is of less importance than the war or their policies, for example. commons meant that there was an The split ran deep within the Labour party and consequently it was deeply weakened, so when it came to the 1951 election, Labour found it much harder to fight against the now united Conservatives who had been re-organisation under a new leader. opportunity for the other Conservative Labour's election record in the 1930s was poor, as they were disorganised and divided. While Labour managed to retain much working class support largely because of the role class identification was playing in determining partisan support at this time the middle class had quickly become disaffected.
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